How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? New York . This switch in processing between the two can be termed, A2 Psychology Concepts and studies and advanced psychology. /Tabs /S However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". How fundamental is the fundamental attribution theory? 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 The motivated tactician approach The cognitive miser approach The nave scientist approach None of the above. If people are viewed as consistency-seekers, then their cognition is influenced by: Subjective inconsistency Objective inconsistency Attributional inconsistency A and C 11. How does social facilitation affect the performance of tasks that are simple/well practiced? /F4 24 0 R >> /Group << /Group << They write, "cognitive heuristics are at times employed by almost all voters, and that they are particularly likely to be used when the choice situation facing voters is complex heuristic use generally increases the probability of a correct vote by political experts but decreases the probability of a correct vote by novices." When can it enhance social behavior? 2 0 obj<>stream /Type /Group /Font << CallUrl('www>macmillanihe>com naive scientist, a class of objects that we believe belong together, schema can be defined by list of necessary and sufficient attributes, hard to specify defining features/members vary a great deal in their typically/ some cases are unclear, categories are organized around attibutes that are only characteristic of the category; they don't define it, prototype view- representation is abstracted list of most characteristic feature [9][pageneeded], In order to meet these needs, nave scientists make attributions. I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. /Name /F3 Versailles Co. returned $3,000\$3,000$3,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] [2] [3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. July 2015 . Passions, on the other hand, connote impulse and emotion, femininity and heat. /Type /Page Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices.[38]. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] << Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by HaroldKelley and BernardWeiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamentalattributionerror. What is social facilitation? On what dimensions do cultures differ? Add to folder What are the major forms of household income? [25][26] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. /CreationDate (D:20151205122909+07'00') endobj 358 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R 361 0 R 362 0 R 282 0 R What characteristics of the messenger increase persuasiveness? What is the "door-in-the-face" technique? To install click the Add extension button. Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. /Tabs /S -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. As a result, one will generally believe one's impressions and act on one's desires. -They would overbook places, give one group food that was better, etc. >> >> We'll bring you back here when you are done. /Group << |k, y+zSe(S")0(|c^$i)}`#_~:ppq(i.kyo(|49R;e3!q|k0d8zhT6ax -Social loafing: where individuals become less productive in groups For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. /Type /StructTreeRoot /GS8 28 0 R What role does motivation to be right or to feel good play? What is "lowballing?" 12 0 obj A pragmatic social cognitive psychology covers a lot of territory, mostly in personality and social psychology but also in clinical, counseling, and school psychologies. Psychology concepts and studies for a level work, contains everything you will need to know for the exam or if you are doing a btech course pick up the key points and add your own examples, feel free to use this on whatever you need, best used for revision and advanced psychology work at university level, The availability heuristic is responsible for a bias known -Asch did the test with the lines of different sizes, used confederates which stated the wrong answer, this made the real subject more likely to say the wrong answer even when they had written down the right one /S /Transparency who has been shaped as a cognitive miser, now engages in shallow deliberative processes. 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] 22 0 obj [16][17][18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. /CS /DeviceRGB 611 500 556 722 0 0 0 556 0 0 /F1 21 0 R -Diffusion of responsibility: reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others. /GS7 27 0 R Although Lippmann did not directly define the term cognitive miser, stereotypes have important functions in simplifying people's thinking process. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. >> 70413 lego - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. First proposed in 1958 by Fritz Heider in The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, this theory holds that humans think and act with dispassionate rationality whilst engaging in detailed and nuanced thought processes for both complex and routine actions. In democracies, where no vote is weighted more or less because of the expertise behind its casting, low-information voters, acting as cognitive misers, can have broad and potentially deleterious choices for a society. ->discrimination is a thing of the past, African Americans are pushing too hard, their gains have been excessive. 15 0 obj [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. 2#/@LF6vCYJvHPd"}1C{8:0# Lh5tfz|baZ -"Blacks should not push themselves where they are not wanted" (1/5) /GS7 27 0 R 4 [139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. Rationality and the reflective mind . What characterizes the peripheral route and what kinds of decisions are involved? /Tabs /S /LastChar 239 Unfortunately for this moral responsibility refuge, natural science has now scouted this cognitive corner. What is the difference between them? /Tabs /S >> /ExtGState << /Author (Fiske) >> In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. /ModDate (D:20160705122909+07'00') 14 0 obj /FirstChar 32 We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. What are its consequences? /F3 23 0 R xZ[o:~|VDJ vlm\,>8kzI#Hg87\u4_|6es^,.75>.z Fgq=q?"baKFKX>aY.wrw7d/yss7u',>#=6u_@fVubl+6"(ehK}~aOS&q1~_Xr[\eQ/FTvqg4;8V=q.0bIA_:?tb.OtD*x"[ =v:Zz=7;s+w@Y{~;\11k0_~z9PwZWBf~8Me((hI'8B)|]>r KP+b:PS6zONv3oq^C%-G L~C [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. Please sign in to share these flashcards. >> Contents. /ExtGState << In this chapter, we present the multiple knowing processes evolved to enable the tactical flexibility to pursue diverse goals.. endobj On the other hand, in Lippmann's view, people are told about the world before they see it. /Resources << /LastChar 32 /StructParents 7 260 0 R 261 0 R] 3 [114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of people to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and more effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. 3 0 obj The cognitive miser theory is an . q*15Q[7t. /Type /Page /Type /ExtGState -Deindividuation: loosening of behavioral restraints, stripped of their usual behavior 5,000 & 8,000 \\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes." [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. /FontDescriptor 364 0 R Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. -Analytical thinking: focuses on objects, central figure. [36] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people You could also do it yourself at any point in time. When does anonymity lead to negative social behaviors? How does holistic thinking differ from analytical thinking? 48 . 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R A question arises, but System 1 does not generate an answer. /Font << [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. Popkin's analysis is based on one main premise: voters use low information rationality gained in their daily lives, through the media and through personal interactions, to evaluate candidates and facilitate electoral choices. /CS /DeviceRGB -Characteristics of the messenger: attractive, credible, similar to oneself. endobj List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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