She was silent as her lawyers put in a plea of not guilty for her. J. J. was last seen on the evening of September 22, 2019, at his mother Lori Daybell's Rexburg apartment. Speculation and rumors have swirled, leaving the public with more questions than answers. February 26, 2020 In extradition hearing, judge refuses to lower Lori's $5 million bail. And I'll always remember them like that. UNIDENTFIED PERSON #1: Could you get a hold of her at some point and say, "Can you please call back the officer that's been trying to call you?". ROB WOOD: What did she ask you to do with that, again? Chad believed the "Dark" individuals were from this earth but were followers of Satan. How are you guys? April Raymond: I feel like whatever story we were given about how Charles was killed was not the truth. July 17, 2020 Lori Daybell's jury trial was set in Madison County for January 2529, 2021, on three misdemeanor charges. Morgan Loew: He tapped into this "prepper" element out there, people who wanted to prepare for Armageddon. June 9, 2020 Human remains are found on Chad Daybell's property in. 'Cause I didn't want to. He pled guilty and was sentenced to 90 days in jail, which he served in Austin, Texas. At right is their mother's brother Alex Cox. Investigators at Chad Daybell's preliminary hearing In August 2020 described in chilling detail finding the remains of the two children in Daybell's backyard. The autopsy reports of JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan have not been publicly released, as the investigation into their deaths is ongoing. At this point in the ongoing investigation, only Chad and Lori know the truth about what happened to JJ and Tylee. Lori and Tylee and JJ are there, and so is Alex Cox. 'Cause he had so much possibility. [ Lori] knows where they are or what has happened to them, but she has 'completely refused to assist this investigation, [choosing instead to leave the state with her new husband]. [2] When Rexburg police and the FBI arrived the next day to search the home, it was abandoned. And JJ loved blue. Lori and her new fifth husband, Chad Guy Daybell, claimed that J.J. was staying with family friend Melanie Gibb in Arizona, where they had lived before moving to Idaho in early September 2019, which Gibb later denied. May 2, 2022 - The prosecution announced that they will be seeking the death penalty for Lori Vallow. He is now in our pet cemetery. [45] Melani Boudreaux, Lori's niece, reportedly shares these beliefs. Morgan Loew: I think what Lori didn't bank on was that Melanie had a conscience and Melanie was really worried about what happened. Cox (who changed his surname to Pastenes, the surname of his wife) died on December 12, 2019. LORI VALLOW: My husband switched his life insurance policy to her right? They saw him several times during their stay. Margaret Travillion: I just get so angry. I felt in shock. On the same day, Chad Daybell had a closed hearing. RAY HERMOSILLO: I observed what looked to be brown human hair. Noah Rodriguez. Vaisia Itaaehau: She took beautiful pictures, so we would just go to the beach and just take pictures and kind of capture certain moments She was just so clever and always just like really quick comebacks, like so witty. Back then, the only two people who didn't seem concerned were Lori and Chad. MELANIE GIBB: I'm just worried for you guys because, you know, he's missing and, you know LORI VALLOW: I know exactly where he is. October 2019 Lori's brother, Alex Cox, believed to be seen on video security footage using Lori's storage unit numerous times during this period, usually alone. It's the last moments of the children's lives that keeps Echo up at night. I can't conceive of a scenario where she wasn't involved. Vallow Daybell's children missing children, Joshua "JJ" Vallow, and Tylee Ryan are . RAY HERMOSILLO: Under the bucket was a partial human skull. A few weeks later, on October 19, she died in her sleep from what was initially recorded as "natural causes". I spotted a big raccoon along the fence. DET. POLICE OFFICER [bodycam audio]: So, we're here . And so, I'm not sure what hijacked that priority. April 28, 2022 - Judge Boyce denied request from Chad Daybell's attorney to drop his charges. May 26, 2022 - The start date of Lori Vallow's trial has been changed from October 11, 2022 to January 9, 2023. Tylee, who had gone outside with JJ, and Lori, who says she was in another room both said they heard the shooting but didn't see it. Police believe their mother, Lori Vallow, was responsible for the murders of Tylee Ryan and Joshua "JJ" Vallow, who both met horrifying ends. February 10, 2020 CBS News reports police found Tylee's cell phone with Lori's belongings in Hawaii. Morgan Loew: It's hard to discount the idea that a million-dollar life insurance policy would be a motive for a murder. Police. Those who were "light" were "followers of Jesus Christ". And evilness took over their bodies. It was one of many tributes to the two lost children. It appears the first problem was a 16-year-old girl: Tylee Ryan. #fox10phoenix", "JJ and Tylee's families, Chad Daybell's brother issue statements", "Rexburg Police confirm bodies are that of JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan", "Human remains found at Idaho home of Chad Daybell, husband of 'cult mom' Lori Vallow, police say", "Chad Daybell arrested, booked into jail", "Chad Daybell: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know", "A timeline of the events surrounding the disappearance of J.J. Vallow and Tylee Ryan", "LORI NORENE LAGIOIA vs WILLIAM JOHN LAGIOIA", "Missing Idaho Kids' Mom Once Competed in Beauty Pageant", "Judge agrees to reduce Lori Daybell's bond from $5 Million to $1 Million", "Criminal Complaint State of Idaho v. Lori Norene Vallow aka Lori Norene Daybell", "Notification of Rights State of Idaho v. Lori Norene Vallow aka Lori Norene Daybell", "Judge agrees to remove himself from Idaho mom's missing kids case", "Attorney files motion insisting Lori Vallow Daybell be called by her legal married name", "Lori Vallow arrested: What to know about deaths, marriages surrounding mom of missing Idaho kids", "Son of Lori Vallow, the Idaho mom accused of killing 2 of her children, is charged with sexual assault", "Charges dropped against son of Lori Vallow, the Idaho mom accused of killing 2 of her children", "Letters reveal Alex Cox's intense focus on Lori Vallow's ex-husband, even while behind bars", "Arizona police close case into death of Alex Cox, Lori Vallow Daybell's brother", "Missing Girl's Aunt Claims She Thought Lori Vallow Might Be a "Sociopath", "Charles Vallow's ex-wife had concerns about Lori Daybell over 10 years ago and thinks his shooting death was '100% planned', "Grandparents Of One Of Missing Rexburg Children Speak Out", "Inside Preparing a People, the doomsday prepper group Lori Vallow and Chad Daybell were involved in", "Inside the mysterious case of 3 deaths, 2 missing children and a terrified husband", "Marriage license shows Lori Vallow's brother got married 2 weeks before his death", "Alex Cox Body Cam Footage in Charles Vallow Death", "Documents: Lori Vallow claims she was 'god preparing for second coming of Christ', "1487-1488: The Mormon Influences on Chad Daybell and Lori Vallow", "Chandler police records reveal details of Lori Vallow and Chad Daybell's religious fervor", "A look at the religious circle surrounding Chad and Lori Daybell", "Doomsday Dad Chad Daybell Obsessively Killed Bees as a Kid", "Lori Vallow's family members speak out about missing children on Dr. Phil", "Husband of Idaho Mom Lori Vallow Claims Her 2 Children Are 'Safe' as They Remain Missing", "Missing Idaho children's mom fled the night before FBI raided home, neighbor says", "Lori Daybell abandoned a storage unit in Rexburg full of children's items", "Mom of missing Idaho children arrested in Hawaii; Kauai police don't believe kids are on island", "Lori Vallow denied reduced bail. [55] On May 25, 2021, Chad and Lori were indicted on the charge of conspiracy to commit first-degree murder, first-degree murder, and grand theft by deception for the deaths of Tylee, and J.J., and Tammy. I don't know who you are, what you did with Charles. ROB WOOD [in court]: Where was he located when you saw him? December 28, 2021 - Judge removes Mark Means from Lori Vallow's defense team because there is a conflict of interest relating to having previously represented her husband Chad Daybell. LORI VALLOW: OK, sure. October 1, 2019 Lori rents storage locker in Rexburg in which children's belongings are later found. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. Newly released video shows Tylee Ryan fidget as she talks to Chandler, Arizona police about her stepdad's shooting death. That's an awful coincidence," reporter Morgan Loew said of the children's bodies being found buried in Daybell's backyard. Margaret Travillion | LIFE co-founder: Our administrator came into my office. 911 DISPATCHER: And is he hurt? His birth name was Canaan Todd Trahan. It is horrifying! The heartbreaking deaths of Tylee Ryan and Joshua "JJ" Vallow have remained a mystery to many. They tied yellow ribbons around the trees and waited for his return. We're going to do it for JJ. And with Alex Cox went a whole incredible amount of potential information that investigators could've used on this case. Melanie Gibb testified, "She asked me just to pick up my phone and take a picture of random kids to make it look like it was JJ.". October 31/November 1, 2019 Alex Cox and Lori's niece, Melani Boudreaux, reportedly seen by Melani's ex-husband, Brandon Boudreaux, packing up in. He had a lot of energy. March 21, 2022 - Judge denied Chad Daybell's request to separate his case from Lori Vallow's case. Then came the news that he was never coming back. August 26, 2021 - Chad Daybell waives his right to a. August 30, 2021 - Lori Vallow still found to be incompetent, due to incomplete status update from mental health facility. LORI VALLOW: That's why the neighbors don't know us very well. Even if her mother didn't [cries]. Within an hour of entering the house that morning, Vallow was lying on the floor in a pool of blood shot in the chest by Alex Cox. JJ's grandparents, Kay and Larry Woodcock, could barely contain their grief as they listened. [14], In 2015, Chad claimed he heard a voice telling him to relocate to Rexburg, Idaho. Judge Mallard decided to decrease bond to US$50,000 on each charge, totaling US$150,000, but noted that Chad would still need to post US$1 million in neighboring Fremont County to get out of jail. DET. Everyone wanted to know what happened to them. April 11, 2022 - Judge Boyce declares that Lori Vallow is now competent to stand trial. The discovery of the children in Chad Daybell's backyard was the result of a complicated six-month investigation that unraveled a sordid tale of murder, greed and religious fanaticism a story that began with their mother, Lori Vallow, who, to her friend April Raymond, was a woman who once seemed incapable of harming her own children. The two have been indicted on several charges in connection to the deaths of two of Lori's children, JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan, and Chad's first wife, Tammy Daybell: Lori Vallow Daybell JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan First-degree murder; . There has been no new trial date set. On the morning of July 11, he went to Lori's rental home in Chandler, Arizona, to pick up JJ and take him to school. Margaret Travillion: We're gonna talk about JJ dancing in heaven. On December 5, 2018, Chad and Lori appeared together on the Preparing a People[37] podcast episode "Time to Warrior Up". Charles was so spooked by Lori he went to the police. December 20, 2019 Rexburg Police Department officially announce an investigation into the disappearances of Tylee and J.J. January 3, 2020 Rexburg Police Department and FBI search Chad and Tammy's former home in Idaho. February 2019 to March 2019 Lori Vallow disappears for 58 days. They started by removing a top layer of earth on a 4 foot-by-2 foot patch of grass that was shorter than the rest. Chad's home was also searched by investigators. Neither is Echo Itaaehau's daughter Vaisia, one of Tylee's best friends. The scary story tells about the life and crimes of Lori Vallow Daybell, who has been called the "doomsday mom" by the media. And he had so much love- - so much love. A month later, Lori told them she got a new job in California, and sent an email saying she was taking JJ out of school. / CBS News. He filed for an order of protection against Lori at the advice of his attorney, citing a "genuine fear for his life". [42] Lori was indicted in June 2021 for conspiracy to murder Charles. Conspiracy to commit first-degree murder in relation to the death of her first husband, Charles Vallow; When the police returned to Lori's home, she embellished her story even more. She repeatedly dodges their questions regarding his cause of death. April Raymond: And she had described Tylee as having a dark spirit. Since the children's remains were found, they are no longer considered missing and the investigation is now focused on determining the circumstances surrounding their deaths.[60][61][62]. " Vallow (May 25, 2012 - c. September 23, 2019) [b] were two American children from Chandler, Arizona, who disappeared in September 2019 and whose remains were found buried in shallow graves on June 9, 2020 in Rexburg, Idaho, in their stepfather Chad She was also charged with three misdemeanors: resisting or obstructing officers; criminal solicitation to commit a crime; and contempt of court. Cox says he came back and shot Charles Vallow dead. [16] By February 2019, according to Charles Vallow, Lori was informing him that "she no longer cared about him or J.J." and claimed that she was the reincarnated wife of LDS founder Joseph Smith, then vanished for 58 days. It scared the crap out of me. MELANIE GIBB: He brought JJ into the house during the middle of the podcast. JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan found dead. Recently released autopsy reports, photos, and results have provided crucial insight into the cause of their deaths. Tylee was really protective over JJ. On January 31, 2019, Charles Vallow is seen on police bodycam video tell officers his wife had become "unhinged," and had threatened to murder him. [16] In 2007, Ryan was attacked by Lori's brother, Alexander Lamar "Alex" Cox, who claimed Ryan had been abusive to Lori and the children. Requests from Chad to separate his case from Lori's have been denied. Her 17-year-old daughter Tylee Ryan and 7-year-old son Joshua "JJ" Vallow have not been seen since September, and Vallow has refused to cooperate with the police investigation into her children's disappearance. February 8, 2019 Charles Vallow files for divorce from Lori. Vaisia Itaaehau: If I had one more day with JJ and Tylee, I would want them to know how much they did for me. Their cases have been merged and their team has moved to dismiss the charges and obtain a change of venue. Because so many people were affected. The trial is set for October 11, 2022 to December 16, 2022. Just two months before Idaho mom Lori Vallow's two kids went missing, she and her 17-year-old daughter Tylee Ryan spoke to Arizona investigators about the shooting death of Lori's husband, 62 . She ignored it and was arrested on the island of Kauai on child abandonment charges. Produced by Liza Finley and Richard Fetzer. Lori goes from saying people are out to get her "I just feel like I'm being tracked all the time. His cell phone left a digital map. There's no, "Oh, my gosh, my husband's dead.". Alex Cox, Lori's brother, incredibly, had also died. Items are seen hanging on the fence in memory of Tylee Ryan, 17, and Joshua "JJ" Vallow, 7, at Chad Daybell's residence in Salem, Idaho on Thursday, June 11, 2020. He's there for a couple of hours. December 2011 Alex Cox's probation ends more than one year before it was originally scheduled to end (May 2013). But the horror was just beginning to unfold. LORI VALLOW: Wow, this is a big mess, I just talked to the guy on the phone. [17], No post-mortem or autopsy was performed on Tammy's body at the time, as Chad had declined to do so and the county coroner did not overrule his decision. Morgan Loew: In 30 years, I've never covered a story quite like this. RAY HERMOSILLO: It was what appeared to be a small body tightly wrapped in black plastic, covered in duct tape. Police efforts to locate J.J. led to the discovery that Tylee was also missing. What is what is happening? LORI VALLOW: We're OK. How are you doing, babe? Jonathan Vigliotti: What did you think when you read that email? She remains incarcerated in Kauai awaiting extradition to Idaho. Jonathan Vigliotti: What went on in your mind when, weeks after Tammy died, Chad and Lori get married? Vaisia Itaaehau: I loved being around JJ and Tylee. [46], As of September23, 2019[update], a doorbell video of J.J. playing with a friend is the last known video of him taken. and she was kind of like another mama to him. December 11, 2019 Authorities decide to further investigate the death of Tammy Daybell. January 25, 2020 Local authorities locate Chad Daybell and Lori Vallow in. November 27, 2019 Chad and Lori are seen packing. With Lori now in jail, Chad Daybell returned home. In a troubling sign of the deception to come, Lori told a completely different story to JJ's school Lauren's Institute for Education or LIFE. Something's happened to her. READ ALSO: Where was Cooper Noriega found? Melanie Gibb and her boyfriend David Warwick, both of whom testified at Daybell's hearing, were staying with Lori in Rexburg the last weekend of JJ's life. I just kind of loved how she would just play with him and just always have, like, a really good time with him. "Paint til you're blue." It worked. Joshua "JJ" Vallow and Tylee Ryan were found dead on the property of their step-father's home this week, police say, a horrific discovery that . ROB WOOD | Madison County/City of Rexburg Deputy Prosecuting Attorney: And what did you observe when they did that? We look forward to addressing the allegations once they have moved beyond speculation and rumor. This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 19:21. Chad Guy Daybell (born August 11, 1968, Provo, Utah)[14] married Tamara "Tammy" Douglas (May 4, 1970 October 19, 2019) in Manti, Utah, on March 9, 1990. April Raymond: She did everything for JJ, everything for Tylee. March 22, 2021 Scheduled court date for Lori Vallow and Chad Daybell. Tammy Daybell died in October of 2019 just two weeks before her husband tied the knot with Vallow and about a month before his new wife's children, 7-year-old Joshua "J.J." Vallow and 17 . Vallow had two sons from a previous marriage, Nicholas and Zachary Chase. LORI VALLOW: I don't know why you're being controversial to me or if you're recording this conversation for the police or whatever. After months of silence, they started speaking JJ's name and couldn't stop. [49], More than a week later, Gibb called police saying that both Lori and Chad had asked her to lie to police about J.J.'s whereabouts but she refused. ROB WOOD: OK. And then what did she tell you? [16][2] That night, a neighbor saw Lori and Alex Cox packing a truck outside her home. Chad Daybell referred to Lori as an "eternal being" of 21 separate lives, only five of which had occurred on this planet; the same five he had lived on this planet. However, police uncovered a cryptic series of messages that proved to be . July 15, 2022 - Lori Vallow-Daybells attorneys ask Judge Steven Boyce to clarify language in charges, separating potentially joined counts. Daybell was a former gravedigger-turned-novelist and podcaster from Rexburg, Idaho, who some say was something of a local cult leader, says Morgan. Around the time of the death of Daybell's wife, Lori Vallow and . They were the center of her world. Benjamin Hyde has known Chad Daybell since the two men were missionaries together when they were 19. When the little boy who loved to dance first came to LIFE, a school for special needs students, he was a very different child than when he left, says Travillion. BOISE Additional testing is underway on the bodies of Tylee Ryan and Joshua "JJ" Vallow after the Ada County Coroner's Office completed autopsies earlier this month. CHARLES VALLOW [to police officer]: She's unhinged. They are investigating her for conspiracy to commit murder. June 29, 2020 Police execute another search warrant at the home of Chad Daybell. August 10, 2019 The last time grandparents Larry and Kay Woodcock reportedly speak with J.J. August 30, 2019 Lori returns J.J.'s service dog, citing "a change in life circumstances". Cox legally changed his name to Alex Pastenes just before his marriage. It it was in every classroom, in every environment. Tylee Ryan autopsy report Obituary Tylee Ryan autopsy report By Samuel Sasu May 4, 2022 On June 10, 2020, the Woodcock and Ryan families confirmed that the human remains discovered on Chad's property were those of Tylee and J.J. But no one acted on it and Vallow let his guard down. March 9, 1990 Chad Daybell and Tamara Douglas are married. What is it over? At 9:55 a.m. on September 23, 2019, Cox returned to Chad Daybell's backyard. DET. After Chad and Lori's marriage two weeks after Tammy's death, law enforcement became suspicious and exhumed Tammy's corpse for autopsy.[3][4][5]. April Raymond: Part of her mission on Earth was to eliminate the darkness, the demonic the evil. Benjamin Hyde: That gives me the willies, look at this! Morgan Loew: They dug up a cat. And so much potential. By the end of September 2019, Lori had a dead husband, Charles Vallow, and though no one yet knew it, two dead children. On Dec. 20, 2019, the Rexburg Police Department went public on their search for JJ and Tylee. That's not that's not what a friend does. No post-mortem or autopsy was initially performed. 2020 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. Lori and Chad Daybell were charged with conspiracy to commit destruction, alteration or concealment of evidence. This finding was officially confirmed by Rexburg police on June 13. J." and It was just the beginning. Morgan Loew: the same color hair as JJ Vallow. "Outside and . But what about the man who led them to Daybell's backyard? July 2014 Lori and Charles officially adopt Joshua Jaxon "J.J." Vallow. ", "Lori Daybell remains in jail on and may have problems posting $1 million bail", "Lori Vallow saw her now-missing kids Joshua and Tylee as 'zombies', court docs claim", "Bail lowered for Lori Daybell's misdemeanor charges, jury trial scheduled", "Chad and Lori Daybell indicted for murders of JJ Vallow, Tylee Ryan and Tammy Daybell", "Lori Vallow Daybell ruled unfit to stand trial on charges related to deaths of missing children", "Lori Vallow Daybell and Chad Daybell will be tried together in January, judge rules", "Lori Vallow is Once Again Competent to Stand Trial in Children's Murder, Judge Rules", "Human remains confirmed to be missing Idaho kids Joshua Vallow and Tylee Ryan", "Rexburg PD: Human remains found on Chad Daybell's property belong to JJ Vallow, Tylee Ryan", "Lori Vallow throws a pool party hours after her estranged husband was killed by her brother", "Charles Vallow had a $1 million life insurance policy he left to J.J.'s grandma, rather than Lori Vallow Daybell", "New court records, surveillance video pinpoint last days missing Idaho kids were seen", "How a Gilbert drive-by shooting is tied to the Idaho missing children", "Woman's death linked to missing kids with ties to AZ by Idaho authorities", "Sheriff sets record straight in Tammy Daybell death investigation", "Mother of missing children seen in video leaving their belongings in storage before fleeing to Hawaii", "Private Investigator Shares New Details On Missing Idaho Kids' Cousin, Family", "Mother of two missing children will fight extradition, remain in jail", "911 calls shed light on incidents related to missing Idaho kids", "Cellphone of missing Idaho teen found with mother, source says", "Report: Mom of missing Idaho kids leaves Kauai with new husband", "Lori Vallow, mother of two missing Idaho children, arrested in Hawaii", "Boudreaux Response to OP Petition to Modify LDM, PT and CS", "Court Documents: Lori Vallow's niece allegedly knows where JJ Vallow and Tylee Ryan are", "Human remains were buried on Daybell property in the days after JJ and Tylee disappeared, documents allege", "Prosecutors will seek the death penalty for Chad Daybell", "Police execute search warrant at Chad Daybell's home", "Arizona police plan to file conspiracy to commit murder charge against Lori Vallow", "Chad Daybell, husband of Lori Vallow, pleads not guilty to concealment charges, trial set for January", "Fremont Prosecutor taking over case involving Tammy Daybell's death", "A string of family deaths surround tragedy of Lori Vallow's children", "Chad Daybell and Lori Vallow indicted on murder charges", "Maricopa County grand jury indicts Lori Vallow on conspiracy to murder ex-husband in Chandler", "Concealment of evidence charges dropped against the Daybells", "New attorney appointed as co-council for Lori Vallow Daybell", "Chad Daybell waives his right to a speedy trial", "Lori Daybell still incompetent for trial; court hearing set for September", "Daybell trial pushed back, Lori Vallow still mentally unfit, judge finds", "Idaho judge grants Chad Daybell, husband of 'doomsday cult' mom, request for change of venue in murder trial", "Lori Vallow Daybell's privately hired attorney kicked off the case", "Prosecutors will not charge Chad Daybell for attempted murder of Arizona man", "Grandmother 'relieved' after judge denies request to separate Daybell cases", "Lori Vallow Daybell restored to competency; murder trial to proceed", "Idaho judge sets date, location for Lori Vallow Daybell trial", "Idaho to seek death penalty for Lori Vallow, charged with murdering her 2 children", "Charges against Chad remain; Daybells' trials to be held in Boise", "Prosecutors to seek death penalty in case against Lori Vallow Daybell", "Lori Vallow and Chad Daybell case: A timeline of events", "Vallow-Daybell requests charges be clarified, separated", "Chad Daybell asks for trial to be postponed and wants it separate from Lori Vallow Daybell", "Lori Vallow Daybell trial suspended over competency questions", "New trial date set in Vallow-Daybell case", "Keith Morrison previews Dateline special on Daybell case that is nothing like anything else hes ever seen", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killings_of_Tylee_Ryan_and_J._J._Vallow&oldid=1142501263, September 2019 crimes in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0.
Shelby Scott Wbz Obituary, Autograph Collectors Association, Resident Owned Mobile Home Parks In Sebring, Florida, What Are The Side Effects Of Tresaderm, Hirajule Emerald Ring, Articles T